A wildlife conservation group captured footage of the shark wandering around the Cabrera archipelago.
The last confirmed sighting of such a fish in the Balearic Islands was by a fisherman in 1976.
Great whites can weigh up to two tonnes, grow to lengths of 20ft (6m) and reach speeds of 64km/h (40mph).
"The presence of great white sharks in Spanish waters has been a constant rumour," biologist and documentary maker Fernando Lรณpez-Mirones told Efe news agency.
"However, we've been unable to document their presence for many years."
Scientists with Spanish conservation group Alnitak recorded the shark for over an hour.
According to a documentary from 2007, 27 great whites were caught by fishermen around the Balearic Islands between 1920 and 1976.
The last confirmed sighting of such a fish in the Balearic Islands was by a fisherman in 1976.
Great whites can weigh up to two tonnes, grow to lengths of 20ft (6m) and reach speeds of 64km/h (40mph).
"The presence of great white sharks in Spanish waters has been a constant rumour," biologist and documentary maker Fernando Lรณpez-Mirones told Efe news agency.
"However, we've been unable to document their presence for many years."
Scientists with Spanish conservation group Alnitak recorded the shark for over an hour.
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According to a documentary from 2007, 27 great whites were caught by fishermen around the Balearic Islands between 1920 and 1976.